What TRIM, DRAT, and DZAT Really Mean for SSD Forensics
June 2nd, 2025 by Oleg Afonin
If you’re doing forensic work today, odds are you’re imaging SSDs, not just spinning hard drives. And SSDs don’t behave like HDDs – especially when it comes to deleted files. One key reason: the TRIM command. TRIM makes SSDs behave different to magnetic hard drives when it comes to recovering deleted evidence. This article breaks down what TRIM actually does, how SSDs respond, and what forensic experts need to know when handling modern storage.
Advanced Logical Extraction with iOS Forensic Toolkit 8: Cheat Sheet
November 15th, 2022 by Oleg Afonin
Advanced logical acquisition is the most compatible and least complicated way to access essential evidence stored in Apple devices. In legacy versions of iOS Forensic Toolkit, we offered a 1-2-3 style, menu-driven extraction experience, while the updated release of iOS Forensic Toolkit 8.0 is driven by the command line. In this quick-start guide we will lay out the steps required to extract the most amount of data from Apple devices via the advanced logical process.
iOS Backups: Leftover Passwords
November 10th, 2022 by Oleg Afonin
In Apple ecosystem, logical acquisition is the most convenient and the most compatible extraction method, with local backups being a major contributor. Password-protected backups contain significantly more information than unencrypted backups, which is why many forensic tools including iOS Forensic Toolkit automatically apply a temporary backup password before creating a backup. If a temporary password is not removed after the extraction, subsequent extraction attempts, especially made with a different tool, will produce encrypted backups protected with an effectively unknown password. In this article we’ll talk about why this happens and how to deal with it.
checkm8 Extraction Cheat Sheet: iPhone and iPad Devices
November 3rd, 2022 by Oleg Afonin
The newly released iOS Forensic Toolkit 8.0 delivers forensically sound checkm8 extraction powered with a command-line interface. The new user experience offers full control over the extraction process, yet mastering the right workflow may become a challenge for those unfamiliar with command-line tools. In this quick-start guide we will lay out the steps required to perform a clean, forensically sound extraction of a compatible iPhone or iPad device.
How to Put Apple TV 3 (2012-2013), Apple TV 4/HD (2015) and Apple TV 4K (2017) into DFU
October 31st, 2022 by Oleg Afonin
The title says it all. In this article we’ll explain the steps required to put the listed Apple TV models into DFU mode. These Apple TV models are based on the A5, A8, and A10X chips that are susceptible to the checkm8 exploit and checkm8-based extraction with iOS Forensic Toolkit 8, and DFU mode is the required initial step of the process.
iOS 16: SEP Hardening, New Security Measures and Their Forensic Implications
September 23rd, 2022 by Vladimir Katalov
iOS 16 brings many changes to mobile forensics. Users receive additional tools to control the sharing and protection of their personal information, while forensic experts will face tighter security measures. In this review, we’ll talk about the things in iOS 16 that are likely to affect the forensic workflow.
iOS Forensic Toolkit 8.0 Now Official: Bootloader-Level Extraction for 76 Devices
September 22nd, 2022 by Oleg Afonin
iOS Forensic Toolkit 8.0 is officially released! Delivering forensically sound checkm8 extraction and a new command-line driven user experience, the new release becomes the most sophisticated mobile forensic tool we’ve released to date.
iOS 16: Extracting the File System and Keychain from A11 Devices
September 22nd, 2022 by Vladimir Katalov
Bootloader-based acquisition is the only 100% forensically sound data extraction method for Apple devices. It is the only way to acquire the full set of data from those devices that run iOS 16, albeit with a huge caveat that makes the whole thing more of a brain exercise than a practical forensic tool. Let’s review the iOS 16 compatibility in iOS Forensic Toolkit and go through the whole process step by step.
Entering DFU: iPhone 8, 8 Plus, and iPhone X
September 13th, 2022 by Oleg Afonin
DFU (Device Firmware Update) is a special service mode available in many Apple devices for recovering corrupted devices by uploading a clean copy of the firmware. Forensic specialists use DFU during checkm8 extractions (Elcomsoft iOS Forensic Toolkit). Unlike Recovery, which serves a similar purpose, DFU operates on a lower level and is undocumented. Surprisingly, there might be more than one DFU mode, one being more reliable than the others when it comes to forensic extractions. The method described in this article works for the iPhone 8, 8 Plus and iPhone X.
Low-Level Extraction of iOS 15.2-15.3.1
August 25th, 2022 by Oleg Afonin
iOS Forensic Toolkit 7.60 brings gapless low-level extraction support for several iOS versions from iOS 15.2 up to and including iOS 15.3.1, adding full file system extraction support for Apple devices based on Apple A11-A15 and M1 chips.
Probing Linux Disk Encryption: LUKS2, Argon 2 and GPU Acceleration
August 16th, 2022 by Oleg Afonin
Disk encryption is widely used desktop and laptop computers. Many non-ZFS Linux distributions rely on LUKS for data protection. LUKS is a classic implementation of disk encryption offering the choice of encryption algorithms, encryption modes and hash functions. LUKS2 further improves the already tough disk encryption. Learn how to deal with LUKS2 encryption in Windows and how to break in with distributed password attacks.
