What TRIM, DRAT, and DZAT Really Mean for SSD Forensics
June 2nd, 2025 by Oleg Afonin
If you’re doing forensic work today, odds are you’re imaging SSDs, not just spinning hard drives. And SSDs don’t behave like HDDs – especially when it comes to deleted files. One key reason: the TRIM command. TRIM makes SSDs behave different to magnetic hard drives when it comes to recovering deleted evidence. This article breaks down what TRIM actually does, how SSDs respond, and what forensic experts need to know when handling modern storage.
GPU Acceleration: Attacking Passwords with NVIDIA RTX Series Boards
June 24th, 2022 by Oleg Afonin
Today’s data protection methods utilize many thousands (sometimes millions) hash iterations to strengthen password protection, slowing down the attacks to a crawl. Consumer-grade video cards are commonly used for GPU acceleration. How do these video cards compare, and what about the price-performance ratio? We tested five reasonably priced NVIDIA boards ranging from the lowly GTX 1650 to RTX 3060 Ti.
Logical Acquisition: Not as Simple as It Sounds
June 23rd, 2022 by Vladimir Katalov
Speaking of mobile devices, especially Apple’s, “logical acquisition” is probably the most misused term. Are you sure you know what it is and how to properly use it, especially if you are working in mobile forensics? Let us shed some light on it.
checkm8 Extraction: the iPads, iPods, and TVs
June 21st, 2022 by Oleg Afonin
The ninth beta of iOS Forensic Toolkit 8.0 for Mac introduces forensically sound, checkm8-based extraction of sixteen iPad, iPod Touch and Apple TV models. The low-level extraction solution is now available for all iPad and all iPod Touch models susceptible to the checkm8 exploit.
Filling the Gaps: iOS 14 Full File System Extracted
June 9th, 2022 by Oleg Afonin
iOS Forensic Toolkit 7.40 brings gapless low-level extraction support for several iOS versions up to and including iOS 15.1 (15.1.1 on some devices), adding compatibility with previously unsupported versions of iOS 14.
Live System Analysis: Extracting BitLocker Keys
May 20th, 2022 by Oleg Afonin
Live system analysis is the easiest and often the only way to access encrypted data stored on BitLocker-protected disks. In this article we’ll discuss the available options for extracting BitLocker keys from authenticated sessions during live system analysis.
Breaking Passwords on Alder Lake CPUs
May 18th, 2022 by Oleg Afonin
In Alder Lake, Intel introduced hybrid architecture. Large, hyperthreading-enabled Performance cores are complemented with smaller, single-thread Efficiency cores. The host OS is responsible for assigning threads to one core or another. We discovered that Windows 10 scheduler is not doing a perfect job when it comes to password recovery, which requires a careful approach to thread scheduling.
checkm8: Unlocking and Imaging the iPhone 4s
May 12th, 2022 by Elcomsoft R&D
The seventh beta of iOS Forensic Toolkit 8.0 for Mac introduces passcode unlock and forensically sound checkm8 extraction of iPhone 4s, iPad 2 and 3. The new solution employs a Raspberry Pi Pico board to apply the exploit. Learn how to configure and use the Pico microcontroller for extracting an iPhone 4s!
Identifying the iPhone Model
May 5th, 2022 by Oleg Afonin
A pre-requisite to successful forensic analysis is accurate information about the device being investigated. Knowing the exact model number of the device helps identify the SoC used and the range of available iOS versions, which in turn pre-determines the available acquisition methods. Identifying the iPhone model may not be as obvious as it may seem. In this article, we’ll go through several methods for finding the iPhone model.
Agent-Based Low-Level iOS File System Extraction
April 29th, 2022 by Oleg Afonin
While we continue working on the major update to iOS Forensic Toolkit with forensically sound checkm8 extraction, we keep updating the current release branch. iOS Forensic Toolkit 7.30 brings low-level file system extraction support for iOS 15.1, expanding the ability to perform full file system extraction on iOS devices ranging from the iPhone 8 through iPhone 13 Pro Max.
iOS Low-Level Acquisition: How to Sideload the Extraction Agent
April 26th, 2022 by Oleg Afonin
Regular or disposable Apple IDs can now be used to extract data from compatible iOS devices if you have a Mac. The use of a non-developer Apple ID carries certain risks and restrictions. In particular, one must “verify” the extraction agent on the target iPhone, which requires an active Internet connection. Learn how to verify the extraction agent signed with a regular or disposable Apple ID without the risk of receiving an accidental remote lock or remote erase command.
